顯微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)使用(yong)方(fang)法(fa)：取鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)和安放(fang)(fang)：右手握住(zhu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)臂，左(zuo)手托住(zhu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)座。把(ba)顯微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)放(fang)(fang)在實(shi)驗臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)，略偏左(zuo)（顯微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)放(fang)(fang)在距實(shi)驗臺(tai)邊緣7厘米(mi)左(zuo)右處）。安裝好目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)和物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。對光(guang)(guang):轉(zhuan)動(dong)轉(zhuan)換器，使低倍物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)對準(zhun)通(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔(kong)(物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)前端與載物(wu)臺(tai)要保持(chi)2厘米(mi)的(de)(de)距離)。把(ba)一個(ge)較大的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)圈(quan)對準(zhun)通(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔(kong)。左(zuo)眼(yan)注視目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)內(右眼(yan)睜開，便(bian)于以(yi)后同(tong)時(shi)畫圖)。轉(zhuan)動(dong)反(fan)光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)，使光(guang)(guang)線通(tong)過通(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔(kong)反(fan)射到(dao)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒內。通(tong)過目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)，可以(yi)看(kan)到(dao)白亮的(de)(de)視野。觀察:把(ba)所要觀察的(de)(de)玻(bo)片標本（也可以(yi)用(yong)印(yin)有“6”字的(de)(de)薄紙片制成）放(fang)(fang)在載物(wu)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)，用(yong)壓(ya)片夾壓(ya)住(zhu)，標本要正對通(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔(kong)的(de)(de)中心。轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗準(zhun)焦(jiao)螺旋，使鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒緩(huan)緩(huan)下降，直(zhi)到(dao)物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)接近玻(bo)片標本為止（眼(yan)睛看(kan)著物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)，以(yi)免物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)碰到(dao)玻(bo)片標本）。左(zuo)眼(yan)向目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)內看(kan)，同(tong)時(shi)反(fan)方(fang)向轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗準(zhun)焦(jiao)螺旋，使鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒緩(huan)緩(huan)上(shang)(shang)升，直(zhi)到(dao)看(kan)清物(wu)像為止。近場光(guang)(guang)學顯微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)采用(yong)極細孔(kong)徑的(de)(de)納米(mi)探(tan)頭在樣品表面附近進行探(tan)測。廣東徠卡S9體視顯微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)品牌

顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)，作為在科學(xue)實(shi)(shi)驗中的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個基(ji)本實(shi)(shi)驗儀(yi)器，它既神奇(qi)又簡(jian)單。說(shuo)它神奇(qi)，因(yin)為它能(neng)使觀(guan)察(cha)者(zhe)“看(kan)得(de)更(geng)小”，能(neng)使物(wu)(wu)體(ti)“變得(de)更(geng)大(da)(da)”，從(cong)而使人(ren)們(men)領略到另外一(yi)(yi)個完全不同的(de)(de)世界景觀(guan)。說(shuo)它簡(jian)單，是因(yin)為它就是一(yi)(yi)個可以(yi)放大(da)(da)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)凸透(tou)鏡(jing)。光學(xue)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)由兩組(zu)鏡(jing)片(目鏡(jing)和物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing))組(zu)成，每組(zu)鏡(jing)片相當(dang)于一(yi)(yi)個凸透(tou)鏡(jing)。物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)的(de)(de)焦(jiao)(jiao)距很(hen)短，目鏡(jing)的(de)(de)焦(jiao)(jiao)距較長。工(gong)作原理(li)：物(wu)(wu)體(ti)先(xian)經過物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)成放大(da)(da)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)像(xiang)，再經目鏡(jing)成放大(da)(da)的(de)(de)虛像(xiang)，二次放大(da)(da)，便能(neng)看(kan)清楚微(wei)小的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)。廣州尼康顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)相機批(pi)發光學(xue)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)與電子(zi)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)有很(hen)大(da)(da)區別。

物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)較(jiao)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光學部件，利用光線使(shi)被檢(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)一次成(cheng)像，因而直接關(guan)系和影響成(cheng)像的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)和各項光學技術參(can)數，是衡量(liang)(liang)一臺顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)標(biao)準(zhun)。國(guo)際物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)標(biao)準(zhun)是以蔡司物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為基準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構復(fu)雜，制作精密，由于對像差的(de)(de)(de)(de)校正，金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒內(nei)由相隔一定距(ju)離(li)并被固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)透鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)組組合而成(cheng)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有許多具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，如(ru)合軸(zhou),齊焦。齊焦既是在(zai)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)檢(jian)時，當用某一倍率的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀察(cha)圖(tu)像清晰(xi)后，在(zai)轉換(huan)(huan)另一倍率的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)時，其成(cheng)像亦(yi)應(ying)基本清晰(xi)，而且像的(de)(de)(de)(de)中心偏離(li)也應(ying)該在(zai)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內(nei)，也就是合軸(zhou)程度。齊焦性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣(lie)和合軸(zhou)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低是顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)標(biao)志，它是與物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本身質量(liang)(liang)和物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)轉換(huan)(huan)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)精度有關(guan)。

透射電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)：電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束透過樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)然后成(cheng)像(xiang)。與普通的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)透射顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)較基本(ben)(ben)工(gong)作機(ji)制(zhi)相同，只是利用電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)作為粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)德布(bu)羅意波長更短的(de)(de)(de)特點，達到更精(jing)細的(de)(de)(de)分辨(bian)(bian)率(lv)。掃(sao)描電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)：電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)照到樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)(ben)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，反射成(cheng)像(xiang)，這種顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)只能觀察(cha)樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)(ben)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。掃(sao)描隧道顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)：通過一個(ge)極細的(de)(de)(de)探針(zhen)去靠近被(bei)測(ce)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，當距(ju)離足(zu)夠近時，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)可(ke)以(yi)通過量子(zi)(zi)(zi)隧穿而穿過探針(zhen)與樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)隙形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，距(ju)離越(yue)近電(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大(da)。在(zai)掃(sao)描過程中上下移(yi)動(dong)探針(zhen)使電(dian)(dian)流(liu)恒定，記錄探針(zhen)上下移(yi)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)就可(ke)以(yi)知道樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。因為工(gong)作原理的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，該顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)只可(ke)以(yi)測(ce)量導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。光(guang)片顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)優點是能夠在(zai)數(shu)小時（或數(shu)天）內(nei)以(yi)非(fei)常高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)時間與空(kong)間分辨(bian)(bian)率(lv)對大(da)樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)(ben)進行成(cheng)像(xiang)。

聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)又名(ming)聚光(guang)(guang)器，裝在(zai)載物臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下方。小型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)往(wang)往(wang)無聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)，在(zai)使用數(shu)(shu)值孔徑0.40以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物鏡(jing)(jing)時(shi)，則必須(xu)具有聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)。聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)不只可以彌補光(guang)(guang)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不足和適當改變(bian)從光(guang)(guang)源射來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)，而(er)且(qie)將光(guang)(guang)線(xian)聚焦于被檢(jian)物體上(shang)，以得到(dao)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照明效(xiao)果。聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)有多種，同時(shi)根據物鏡(jing)(jing)數(shu)(shu)值孔徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小 ，相應(ying)地對聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)也(ye)不同 。阿貝聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)：這(zhe)是(shi)由德國光(guang)(guang)學大(da)學大(da)師設(she)計。阿貝聚光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)由兩片透(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)組成，有較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚光(guang)(guang)能力，但是(shi)在(zai)物鏡(jing)(jing)數(shu)(shu)值孔徑高于0.60時(shi)，則色差，球(qiu)差就顯(xian)示出(chu)來。因此，多用于普通(tong)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)上(shang)。顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)視(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小，是(shi)由目鏡(jing)(jing)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)場光(guang)(guang)闌決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。廣州工具測量顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)多少(shao)錢一臺

依原(yuan)理和功能又分為透(tou)射電(dian)子(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡、掃描電(dian)子(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡、發射電(dian)子(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡等多種(zhong)類型(xing)。廣東徠卡S9體(ti)視顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡品牌

顧名思義，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)像，就像光學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)利(li)用可見(jian)光成(cheng)像。一(yi)臺成(cheng)像設備的(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)佳分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)率主要取決(jue)于(yu)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)長。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)長比光波(bo)長小(xiao)得多(duo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)率要優于(yu)光學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。實際上通常(chang)超(chao)過(guo)1000 倍。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)有兩(liang)種主要的(de)(de)(de)類型：透射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)（TEM），它探測(ce)穿過(guo)薄樣(yang)品的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)來成(cheng)像；掃(sao)描電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)（SEM），它利(li)用被(bei)反射或撞(zhuang)擊樣(yang)品的(de)(de)(de)近表面區域的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)來產生圖像。我(wo)們(men)著重講述(shu)掃(sao)描電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing) SEM。在(zai)這種的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)以光柵(zha)模式(shi)逐行掃(sao)描樣(yang)品。首先，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)腔室(shi)頂端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)（俗(su)稱(cheng)燈(deng)絲）產生。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)發射是因為熱能克服(fu)了材料的(de)(de)(de)功函數。他(ta)們(men)隨(sui)后被(bei)加速并被(bei)帶正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)陽極所吸引。您可以在(zai)這篇指導中(zhong)找到更多(duo)關于(yu)燈(deng)絲分(fen)(fen)類以及(ji)其(qi)特(te)征的(de)(de)(de)詳細描述(shu)。廣東徠卡(ka)S9體視顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)品牌

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